Chengdu Education 11th 5-Year Plan

Between 2006 and 2010, Chengdu City Government shall push urban/rural integrated development program and educational development forward. In view of Chengdu National Economy & Social Development 11^th 5-Year Plan Outline, we sketch out the planning.

I  Educational development briefing on 10^th 5-year plan duration in Chengdu City

1.  Educational achievements during 10^th 5-year plan period: during 10^th 5-year plan period, Chengdu City Government has promoted urban/rural educational integration and balanced development, popularizing senior high-school national education. By the end of 2005, all targets determined has been fulfilled in favor of economic and social development in Chengdu City.
(1) Compulsory education has been kept in balanced development in urban and rural area.

During 10^th 5-year plan period, by adhering to annual inspection system and quality supervision/control system, 9-year compulsory education has been further developed. By which, the schooling rate of the children between age 6-11 has been kept to over 99.9% with 757,000 persons, while the schooling suspension rate of primary school pupil has been lowered to 0.12%. Meanwhile, the schooling rate of the children with age 12-14 has been kept to over 99.3% with 394,000 persons. Otherwise, the schooling rate of rural children with schooling age has been kept to 99.9%, while schooling rate of rural student in junior middle-school has been kept to 98.6%; and schooling suspension rate of junior middle-school student has been lowered to 1%. In 2005, the schooling rate of the disabled children has been kept to 96.7%.

(2)Senior middle-school education has marked historic breakthrough.

In Chengdu City, the enrollment quota of junior middle-school student has reached 88.82%. Then schooling student in ordinary senior middle-school has reached 199,000 persons, increased nearly 100,000 persons; while the schooling student in secondary vocational school has reached 223,000 persons, increased approx 121,000 persons.

(3)Vocational education staged desirable development momentum.

At present, Chengdu City holds 122 secondary vocational schools, 15 vocational collages and nearly 300 varied vocational training institutions, enjoying nearly 230,000 students. The vocational collages and training institutions have carried out applied technologies and job skills training courses, rural labor force and off-farming farmer vocational training courses, holding approx 800,000 man-time annually.

(4)Privately-run education showed fast growth.

By the end of 2005, there have been 2,161 privately-owned schools (including training institutions and kindergartens etc) in Chengdu City, including 69 ordinary primary schools and middle-schools with 79,000 students, 18 secondary vocational schools with 46,000 students, 1,451 kindergartens with 133,000 children, and 623 varied job skill training and culture/art training institutions. In Chengdu City, the privately-owned educational agencies hit schooling assets RMB4, 571,000,000yuan, holding 8,107,000sq.m floor space and 4,134,000sq.m building area. Yet, some privately-owned educational agencies and training institutions has become the hot pursuit in the City.

(5)Higher education system and life education system staged fast development momentum.

In Chengdu City, there have been 38 ordinary collages and universities, 15 other higher education institutions, 50 collages and universities engaged in adult higher education (including 22 adult education collages), 299 doctor tutoring stations and 619 master tutoring stations, 143 ordinary senior middle-schools, 381 ordinary junior middle-schools, 1,416 ordinary primary schools (including pilot schooling stations), 1,797 kindergartens, 13 special education schools, 122 secondary vocational schools, 694 varied training institutions, 21 community education agencies, 185 citizen education agencies, 117 varied science/technology research institutes, 1 juvenile hi-tech park, 18 juvenile training center, 15 culture exhibition halls, 11 museums, 17 public libraries and 398 cultural activity stations. Such educational and cultural institutions mentioned above provide compulsory education, volunteered education, vocational education, ordinary education and adult education, laying firm foundation for building up life education system and learning-orientated city.

(6)Educational quality has been enhanced steadily by continuously-expanded educational resources.

For compulsory education system, Chengdu City Government has uplifted the education system to high standard and high quality by annual inspection system, annual assessment and schooling facility upgrade etc. For senior middle-schooling, Chengdu City Government has already built up 14 state-level pilot ordinary senior middle-schools, 25 provincial-level pilot ordinary senior middle-schools and 40 city-level ordinary senior middle-schools; as well as 23 state-level leading secondary vocational schools, provincial-level leading secondary vocational schools, which accounted for 39.3% total amount of the schools. In all districts (towns) and counties surrounding the City, there have been 1 above provincial-level pilot ordinary senior middle-school and 1 above provincial-level leading secondary vocational school, approx 75% students in senior middle-schooling stage studied in varied pilot senior middle-schools and above provincial-level leading secondary vocational schools. Calculated by gross population in Chengdu City, in 2005, the higher education enrollment amount reached 28.77% with 49,704 enrolled candidates. Otherwise, the employment rate of the graduate from secondary vocational school was kept to 95% above, which played important role in rural labor force high-end transfer.
(7)Teaching staff and managerial staff showed obvious improvement.

The teaching staff integrated capacity has been enhanced by teaching resources renewal and personnel system reform. Annually, approx 100 excellent youth teachers were nurtured to take up teaching main stay and managerial staff. In Chengdu City educational system, there have been 10 provincial-level academic pioneers, 6 city-level excellent experts, 42 teaching experts from primary and middle schools, 123 in-service special-class teachers and 398 in-service academic pioneers. Moreover, the primary school teachers with required qualifications reach 99.2%, 67% held junior collage diploma and above, while the junior middle-school teachers with required qualifications reach 96.5%, 44.4% held undergraduate diploma and above; and the senior middle-school teachers with required qualifications reach 87.7%, which laid firm foundation for quality education in the City.

(8)Education system has created new contributions for urban-rural integration program.

In 1996, 9-year compulsory education was popularized in Chengdu City. In 2005, senior middle-schooling was popularized in the City also. Along with the students and citizens have been offered with high education, as well as continuously extended schooling period, the overall level of the urban-rural citizens have been enhanced gradually. By rural teaching assistance program, rural school standardization project, poverty-stricken student subsidization program, education upgrade program, farmer education and training program, rural distance education program and rural teaching staff training program, the rural education system has been enhanced, as well as more and more rural students and farmers have been provided with good education. 

2.  The fundamental experience obtained in 10^th 5-year plan period deserves perseverance.

Firstly, education system must enjoy the priority in urban development program. Secondly, varied educational institutions must adhere to overall, harmonious and sustainable development. Thirdly, urban-rural education must be kept in balanced and integrated development. Fourthly, quality teaching resources must be broadened by rejuvenating teaching staff and stressing teaching quality. Fifthly, high-quality education system shall be established in favor of economic and social development in the City.

3.   Primal problems in education system during 10^th 5-year plan period
(1) Urban-rural education systems were still in existence.

Due to apparent difference between urban education and rural education, the situation was far from the criterion established by the urban-rural integration program, including school building, teaching appliances, teaching staff and school management. Yet, it¡¯s very onerous to improve rural teaching facilities and upgrade teaching staff.

(2)Teaching infrastructure and conditions were to be uplifted.

In Chengdu City, the educational infrastructure and teaching structure was still not adapted to the modern metropolis with optimal investment environment, inhabitation surroundings and comprehensive competitive power, the secondary education needs to be adjusted, and the vocational education still lagged behind other counterpart cities.
(3)Diathesis education system was still far from being.

In China, the concept of diathesis education is taking shape, including the further reform in entrance exam system, study appraisal system and teaching approach.

(4)Due to increasing education demands from all citizens, the education development in the City is facing with great challenge because of shortage of varied educational resources and undersupply of quality teaching resources.

II Guiding principle, strategy and target for education development during 11^th 5-year plan period

1.  Guiding principle: by urban-rural integrated development program and education priority policy, Chengdu City Government shall promote urban-rural education integrated development, improve urban-rural compulsory education balanced development and educational fairness, build up high quality fundamental education platform, speed up education modernization, upgrade national education system and initiate modern life education system, making education level in the City take lead across the country.
2.  Development strategy
(1) Push forward urban-rural education integration program. The City shall promote high quality urban-rural education system and balanced development by optimizing educational structure, so as to satisfy the increasing demands from local citizens, by which expediting overall urban development.
(2) Boost diathesis education. Along with virtue and ethics education, nurture a great number of the educated with creativity, practice capacity, job skills and exploitation capacity. Otherwise, enhance integrated education level in the City by forging out a lot of renowned teachers and headmasters.  
(3) Boost vocational education. Establish the vocational education system which is adapted to the economic and social development in the City by enhancing vocational education infrastructure.
3.  Development target

(1) Overall objective: popularize high-end and high-quality 9-year compulsory education and senior middle-schooling, as well as 3-year pre-school education; reinforce occupational education, expand infant education, urban-rural community education and provincial high education system. By which, strike out a well-arranged educational system distribution in coordination with urban-rural construction, industrial development and population distribution, keeping urban-rural education system in balanced development. Meanwhile, carry forward diathesis education, uplift overall education quality, and intensify younger generation virtue and ethics education. Furthermore, establish and improve special education and citizen education system, as well as secure migrant workers¡¯ children take up schooling in the City.
(2) Principal objectives
(a)Secure 3-year pre-schooling enrollment reach 95%, and boost age 0-3 infant education to meet the social demands.
(b)Keep primary schooling enrollment to 99%, 3-year junior middle-schooling enrollment to 95% above, and senior middle-schooling enrollment to 95% above. Meanwhile, boost small-size pilot class teaching practice.
(c)Improve special education and secure disabled children education. By which, keep age 3-6 disabled children kindergarten enrollment to above 50%, primary schooling enrollment to above 95%, and senior middle-schooling to above 50%.
(d)Keep senior middle-schooling enrollment to above 85%, and keep ordinary education and vocational education enrollment proportion in rough equivalence.
(f)Boost local high education system and high occupational education. By which, keep high education enrollment rate to above 45%, and secure varied high vocational schools and collages hold more than 60,000 students.
(g)Improve vocational education and life education system, boost urban-rural community education and initiate life education system. By which, secure newly-increased labor forces and on-job staff receive varied educations and trainings. On estimate, keep rural labor force annual training rate to above 30%, and extend the newly-increased labor force schooling period to 13 years.
(h)Along with increasing teachers held master diploma appeared in senior middle-schools, Ensure above 75% junior middle-school and above 85% primary school teachers hold undergraduate diploma and junior collage diploma respectively. Meanwhile, boost teaching staff professional skills, as well as famed teacher, renowned headmaster and characteristic school nurture by upgrading excellent youth teacher and teaching expert appraisal system.

III   Principal measures during 11^th 5-year plan period

1.   By education priority principle, expand educational investment to 4% GDP, optimize educational expenditure structure and secure newly-increased educational fund to be allocated in rural area. Meanwhile, carry out rural compulsory educational fund financing system reform, intensify rural education transfer support and secure no less than 45% rural transferred finance to be allocated to rural compulsory education. By which, ensure rural schools carry out normal operation and carry forward free-of-charge compulsory education. Furthermore, encourage social funds to be invested in education, by which strike out the educational system founded on government investment and assisted by multi-channel funds.

2.  Boost diathesis education and enhance education quality. By virtue and patriotic education, assist students in establishing correct concepts involving the world, lifetime, value and ethics. Meanwhile, continue teaching reform for providing desirable conditions to students and inspiring students¡¯ learning impetus. Moreover, by educational upgrade, enhance students¡¯ innovation capacity, practice capacity, job skills and creativity. Furthermore, by diathesis education appraisal system, create suitable social environment for practicing diathesis education.
3.  By establishing and improving poverty relief system, secure every child from poverty-stricken family receives schooling opportunity, obtains living allowance and assistance. Meanwhile, along with improving special education assistance system, carry forward collage and university student grant-in-aid and loan release program

4.  By boosting urban-rural education integration program, improve education fairness. By optimizing educational resources and schools distribution, expedite rural schools standardization project. In view of urban-rural integration program, urban construction, industrial development, population distribution and small town construction, continue adjust and optimize schools distribution, as well as carry out school construction planning control. By 2010, rural schools facilities shall reach national standards, and a number of 9-year compulsory education schools and boarding schools shall be built up in the rural area. By characteristic senior middle-school program, uplift senior middle-schooling quality. By management system reform in all counties governments concerned, stir up the enthusiasm from all authorities concerned. In addition, by Friend School program, expedite urban-rural education joint development. 

5.  Boost vocational education. In line with Chengdu Vocational Education 11^th 5-Year Planning, carry forward secondary vocational education and build up the vocational education system adapted to economic and social development in the City. Meanwhile, expedite pilot (leading) vocational school/collage construction, training base construction, teaching center construction, teaching staff upgrade and grant-in-aid program, so as to uplift competitive power of the vocational education system in Chengdu City. otherwise, set up job skill training system and speed up human resources nurturing progress by vocational education institutions re-distribution, training subjects re-adjustment, 6 leading industries professional nurturing program, rural labor force training program, adult further education, re-employment training program and joint-training program.

6.  Expedite educational informatization progress and complete rural school distance education program. By 2010, secure all schools in the City be equipped with modern teaching facilities. Furthermore, boost the construction and application of teaching resources sharing platform, educational management informatization platform and distance education platform. Moreover, by establishing modern distance education center, broaden the radiation of urban quality teaching resources in rural area. Otherwise, explore the informatization application approach and manner by summarizing and popularizing information technology and teaching experience.

7. Expedite local high education system development by intensifying city-level collages and universities planning, direction and management, integrating higher education resources, enlarging schooling scale, increasing education investment and raise scholarship and grant-in-aid. Focusing on teaching subject exploring and teaching staff upgrading, forge out competitive subjects and enhance teaching quality for nurturing applied and practicable high-end professional talents. By absorbing higher education resources and financing social fund, expedite local higher education system upgrade.

8.  Expedite urban-rural community education development for setting up life education system. Meanwhile, the community education system shall be put into the administration by all authorities concerned, confirming the responsibilities division. In addition, carry out colorful community educational activities by multi-channel financing and community teaching resources. Furthermore, improve rural adult training school conditions. By which, build up cultural propagation center and community education center, along with rural primary schools, middle-schools, kindergartens and training institutions. Otherwise, build up 50 education-orientated towns to the City. 

By training courses in enterprises, vocational schools and collages, as well as varied training institutions, enhance job skills and professional service quality. Meanwhile, with the advantages from agricultural, technical and educational authorities, closely combine education/training program with agricultural extension and technological development together. In addition, intensify rural labor force transfer training program for enhancing farmers¡¯ job skills and viabilities. Furthermore, by orientated training courses held in collages and universities, forge out rural senior professional technicians.

9. Expedite private-owned education system and improve private-owned educational institutions management regulations. Focusing on vocational education and compulsory education, rejuvenate education institution establishing system and operation system by financing social funds. Meanwhile, encourage private-owned intermediary agencies. By 2010, strike out the private-owned education layout with reasonable distribution, appropriate scale and local characteristics, which adapted to socialist market economy system and held joint development with public schools.
10. Carry out rural teaching staff upgrade program and renowned teacher/headmaster appraisal program, along with teaching staff training program and lifelong learning system. With advanced teaching ideas and concepts, enhance teaching staff capability by teacher qualification verification system and engagement system. Furthermore, optimize teaching staff by establishing and improving teaching staff appraisal system, incentive system, headmaster responsibility system and headmaster general election system, as well as renowned teacher and headmaster appraisal system. Otherwise, by boosting further education program for teaching staff, continuously enhance teaching staff capacity in modern teaching appliances application. 
11. Attach importance to educational research for enhancing innovation capacity; meanwhile, local governments should also improve educational decision-making and management quality. Moreover, expedite the research involving urban-rural education integration, regional education development, teaching approach exploration, migrant worker¡¯s children schooling, urban-rural community educational manner and operation and vocational education etc. Furthermore, carry forward diathesis education by establishing and improving teaching quality assessment system.
12. Deepen education reform by broadening foreign exchange, cooperation with coastal cities and int¡¯l cooperation, as well as encouraging Sino-foreign teaching cooperation, for keeping local education pace with global progress.
13.  With reference to the relevant laws and regulations, popularize legal sense in education system for lawful teaching and management. In line with recently-issued Compulsory Education Law, improve the compulsory education management and supervision system. By intensified propaganda, create desirable environment for education development. Meanwhile, deepen educational reform for establishing healthy and long-lasting teaching system.

Attachment:

Chengdu 11^th 5-Year-Plan Educational Development Key Construction Projects List

Term explanation
Rural compulsory education appropriation system reform: by including rural compulsory education into public finance appropriation, the rural education fund shall be shared by central government and local government in proportion, including: wholly exempt rural students from paying tuitions and miscellaneous expenses during compulsory education period, provide free-of-charge textbooks to the poverty-stricken students and offer subsidies to boarder students, raise rural schools educational expenses in compulsory education period, establish rural school buildings maintenance and renovation system, and improve rural teachers salaries payment system.

Grant-in-aid program: in 2001, Chengdu Government began grant-in-aid program to help poverty-stricken students going through 9-year compulsory education, ordinary senior middle-schooling and secondary vocational education, avoiding study suspension because of family economic hardship. 
3-growth: schooling student educational fund per capita gradual growth, teaching staff salary gradual growth and student public fund per capita gradual growth.
2-exemption and 1-subsidy: it refers to exemption of tuition and miscellaneous expenses, and boarder student living cost subsidy. In view of Notification for Rural Education Intensification issued by State Council, by 2007, provide 2-exemption and 1-subsidy to all rural poverty-stricken students in compulsory education period against study suspension.
Rural school standardization construction project: in view of primary school and middle school standards promulgated by Ministry of Education (including school building, facilities and teaching capacity etc), with reference to the practical situation in Chengdu City, the construction project carried out by Chengdu City Government to improve rural school conditions.

County-led management system: in line with Notification for Basic Education Reform & Development (2002, Ref. 28) issued by State Council, it¡¯s an important strategic assignment to intensify rural compulsory education, which involved in rural economic and social development. Therefore, all local governments must focus on compulsory education by improving management system and securing educational fund, for keeping rural compulsory education in sustainable and healthy development. in addition, in view of the Notification for Rural Compulsory Education Management System Improvement issued by the administration office to State Council, the rural compulsory education shall be carried out by the direction from State Council, supervision by local government, management by all counties authorities concerned; i.e. all counties governments take up major responsibilities for rural compulsory education, while provincial, prefecture (city) and township governments take up corresponding responsibilities, and central government provides necessary supports.

Rural primary school and middle school distance education program: in view of the document (2003, Ref. 19) issued by State Council, carry out rural primary school and middle school distance education program for urban-rural teaching resources sharing and enhancing rural education quality. Under the basis of the pilot program practice in 2003, in 5 years around, provide rural junior middle schools with computer classrooms, primary schools with satellite teaching information receiving appliances, and primary schools with teaching DVD player and teaching VCD package.
3-manner:

Firstly, teaching DVD display classroom: equipped with 34-inch color TV set, DVD player and teaching VCD package;

Secondly, satellite teaching message receiving classroom: equipped with satellite receiving system, computer, TV set, DVD player and teaching VCD needed by grade 1-6;

Thirdly, computer classroom: equipped with satellite receiving system, on-net computer classroom, multi-media classroom and teaching VCD playing equipment.